Automatic stabilizers—mechanisms built into the federal budget that increase spending or decrease taxes when the economy slows without any vote from Congress-- are a major tool the government uses to respond to recession. For instance, spending on unemployment compensation automatically increases when there are more people out of work.
http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up-front/posts/2016/03/25-automatic-stabilizers-bigger-better-next-recession-wessel
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