This section presents a time-lagged analysis of the relationship between tracking—the practice of assigning students to different academic classes based on prior achievement1—in eighth grade and two later outcomes related to the Advanced Placement program (AP): participation rates and successful performance on AP tests in high school. The theory motivating the analysis is that academically advanced students may gain long term benefits from accelerated coursework in middle school. Just as star high school athletes do not walk onto a basketball court or football field for the first time as seniors in high school, successful AP calculus students do not encounter advanced mathematics for the first time in 12th grade.
http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports2/2016/03/24-brown-center-report-tracking-loveless
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