The intersection of race, place, and multidimensional poverty (Elizabeth Kneebone, Richard V. Reeves, Brookings)

For many poor people in the United States, narrow income measures of poverty fail to reflect the multiple barriers and challenges that complicate their path out of poverty. Disadvantages beyond (although often related to) low incomes—such as lack of training and skills, unemployment, poor health, and living in a distressed and high-poverty community—can make it harder for poor individuals and families to work their way out of poverty over time.

http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports2/2016/04/21-race-place-multidimensional-poverty-kneebone-reeves